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Asyncio part 2 - Now More Abstract

Posted on Wed 08 August 2018 in Posts

Continuing on with my asyncio learnings. Had the opportunity to look at a wrinkle I haven't seen discussed much -- using coroutines with Abstract Base Classes.

First question: can coroutines be abstract? Yes. Yes they can:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

import asyncio


class AbstractBase(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    async def meth1(self):
        pass


class Concrete(AbstractBase):
    async def meth1(self):
        print("in concrete")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(Concrete().meth1())  # prints "in concrete"

Nothing particularly surprising there.

Next question: is an abstract class still uninstantiable? Yes. Yes it is:

>>> AbstractBase()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class AbstractBase with abstract methods meth1

Cool, so far so good.

Ok, next question: what happens if an implementing class doesn't denote an overriding method as a coroutine? Nothing:

class ConcreteButNotCoroutine(AbstractBase):
    def meth1(self):
        print("in concrete but not coroutine")

However, this is where it gets a bit grey. meth1() on ConcreteButNotCoroutine is a method, not a coroutine, so it can't be passed to run_until_complete():

>>> loop.run_until_complete(ConcreteButNotCoroutine().meth1())
in concrete but not coroutine
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/asyncio/base_events.py", line 547, in run_until_complete
    future = tasks.ensure_future(future, loop=self)
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/asyncio/tasks.py", line 588, in ensure_future
    raise TypeError('An asyncio.Future, a coroutine or an awaitable is '
TypeError: An asyncio.Future, a coroutine or an awaitable is required

This is kinda icky, now whomever is using a concrete implementation of AbstractBase has to know if the specific derived class marked meth1() as async or not. This seems to defeat much of the purpose of using an abstract base class in the first place as it's kind of a violation of the Liskov Substitution Principle. The LSP is typically stated as (this is taken from the Wikipedia page):

if S is a subtype of T, then objects of type T may be replaced with objects of type S (i.e. an object of type T may be substituted with any object of a subtype S) without altering any of the desirable properties of the program (correctness, task performed, etc.)

That is, you should be able to use a ConcreteButNotCoroutine instance anywhere you can use a Concrete instance without having things go boom boom.

Python's long had a history of being a little lax with the typing (some would call that a feature, some would call it a shortcoming), but this feels a bit unfortunate.

I did some Googling and someone asked this question on Stackoverflow which provides a workaround to check if an implementing class overrides an abstract coroutine with a coroutine, but still feels rather cumbersome. It also still results in a runtime error, just at object instantiation time instead of at method call time.